Name: 
 

Chapter 13: Modern Human Diversity


True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Classifications of human races have stayed the same since they were first developed.
 

 2. 
Despite not using the term ‘race’, the Canadian census still implicitly asks for and records diversity.
 

 3. 
It is possible to describe human variation without using the concept of race.
 

 4. 
Emoke J.E. Szathmáry at the University of Manitoba has researched the causes of Type 2 diabetes in aboriginal North Americans.
 

 5. 
Lactose intolerance is a characteristic of 80% of people of European descent.
 

 6. 
Canada became officially multicultural in 1974.
 

 7. 
Performance on intelligence tests is closely correlated with cultural circumstances.
 

 8. 
Now that humans rely on culture as their major mode of adaptation, biological evolution is no longer occurring.
 

 9. 
Polymorphic species are more likely to survive when faced with new environmental conditions.
 

 10. 
Canadian forensic anthropologists try to determine ancestry, not race from human remains.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
When a species has many genes for which there are a variety of alleles, this species is said to be
a.
polytypic.
b.
epicanthic.
c.
racist.
d.
polymorphic.
e.
faunal.
 

 2. 
A leading Canadian researcher at the University of Manitoba, ________________ specializes in the study of genetics of aboriginal North Americans.
a.
C. Loring Brace
b.
Emoke J.E. Szathmáry
c.
Charles Murray
d.
Carol Jenkins
e.
Ashley Montagu
 

 3. 
When a polymorphic species occupies many different geographic regions, the frequency of different alleles is not equally distributed throughout the species. The species would be considered to be:
a.
confused.
b.
on the verge of extinction.
c.
polytypic.
d.
about to evolve into a more advanced species.
e.
pure.
 

 4. 
The development of northern hares and weasels in Canada developing white fur in winter and southern hares and weasels retaining brown fur year-round is an example of:
a.
trait variability
b.
species variability
c.
natural selection
d.
sexual selection
e.
how we can classify races
 

 5. 
In 1926, J. Deniker classified _______ races according to texture of hair.
a.
2
b.
18
c.
1
d.
32
e.
29
 

 6. 
The policy statement ‘confirming how dissimilar peoples can share land, power, and resources respecting and maintaining their differences’ refers to:
a.
multiculturalism in Canada
b.
the Constitution of the United States of America
c.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
d.
Treaty of Ghent
e.
none of these choices
 

 7. 
How was Coon, Garn, and Birdsell’s classification of races different from that of previous systems?
a.
none of these choices
b.
They said that all members of a particular race had to have a certain set of characteristics.
c.
They said that there had been so much racial mixture that there were no more pure races anymore.
d.
They said that races were populations whose similarities were due to adaptation to similar environmental conditions, and that when the environment changed the characteristics of the groups living there would also change.
e.
They decided not to use the concept of race but to focus on individual traits.
 

 8. 
People living in cold climates
a.
tend to have bulkier bodies.
b.
tend to have more slender bodies.
c.
have a body shape that has more surface area relative to volume.
d.
wear less clothing than people in hot climates.
e.
tend to have longer and more slender extremities.
 

 9. 
The epicanthic eye fold
a.
conserves body heat in cold climates.
b.
protects our eyes from ultraviolet radiation.
c.
is a unique feature among Nordic peoples.
d.
helps get rid of excess heat quickly in hot climates.
e.
minimizes eye exposure to the cold.
 

 10. 
Longer, larger noses
a.
are more common in the savanna.
b.
humidify and warm cold air before it reaches the lungs.
c.
are usually associated with blood type A.
d.
are associated with bulky physique.
e.
are less likely to catch viral infections.
 

 11. 
Skin color is the result of
a.
the relative thickness of your skin.
b.
reflected color from your blood vessels.
c.
the amounts of carotene and melanin in your skin.
d.
the foods that you eat.
e.
all except d
 

 12. 
A doctrine by which of the following asserts the doctrine that one group has biological superiority over another:
a.
polytypic.
b.
polymorphic.
c.
epicanthic.
d.
racism.
e.
race.
 

 13. 
Which of the following is not considered a racist statement?
a.
“The frequency of the A allele is highest among some European populations; the B allele has the highest frequency in Asia.”
b.
“Some races are biologically equipped for slavery; others have the natural capacity to rule.”
c.
“The Scandinavian race is cold, the German race is warlike, and the American race respects freedom and individuality.”
d.
“The Asian race has black hair and is sallow, severe, haughty, and avaricious; the European race has blue eyes and is sanguine, gentle, and inventive.”
e.
all of these choices (none are racist statements)
 

 14. 
Which of the following supports the idea that some races are more intelligent than others?
a.
Special training can raise IQ scores by as much as 30 points.
b.
all of these choices
c.
Intelligence has high heritability, as shown by studies of identical twins.
d.
A general tendency for identical twins to be similar in intelligence, even when reared separately.
e.
A general tendency for identical twins to be similar in intelligence, even when reared separately and Intelligence has high heritability, as shown by studies of identical twins.
 

 15. 
The fact that children in rural areas average about 15 points lower on IQ scores than urban children, and that children born later in large families have lower IQ scores than first-born children indicates that
a.
the major cause of intelligence is heredity.
b.
some races are more intelligent than others.
c.
environment has an enormous effect on intelligence.
d.
one’s race is determined by birth order and where one lives.
e.
environment has very little influence on intelligence.
 

 16. 
Which of the following statements about intelligence is correct?
a.
Intelligence is a product of genes and is influenced very little by the environment.
b.
none of these choices
c.
IQ tests measure a single ability, comparable to the use of a blood test to measure blood type.
d.
all of these choices
e.
Intelligence is what is measured by IQ tests.
 

 17. 
In Canada, and elsewhere, categories of race are really little more than _________________.
a.
social constructs
b.
hypothetical categories
c.
social scientific jargon
d.
politically correct labels
e.
ethnic categories
 

 18. 
The 2001 Canadian census asked if the respondent is a member of an Indian band/First Nation. This signifies:
a.
demonstration of polymorphism
b.
that once someone wears Western clothing they are no longer considered aboriginal.
c.
the diversity issue is still very significant to the Canadian federal government.
d.
racism
e.
confusion of nonbiological characteristics with biological categories.
 

 19. 
While some anthropologists and others struggled with how to define and classify races, others, like _________ began to actively question the whole concept.
a.
Carleton Coon
b.
Ashley Montagu
c.
Roland B. Dixon
d.
Franz Boas
e.
Earnest Hooton
 

 20. 
Among the problems of studies involving identical twins have appear to indicate an appreciable degree of hereditary control of intelligence are
a.
biased subjective judgements.
b.
inadequate sample sizes.
c.
all of these choices
d.
untested assumptions about the similarity of environments.
e.
the failure to make sure “separated twins” really were raised separately.
 

 21. 
Which of the following statement on intelligence is correct?
a.
Within-group variation generally is greater than between-group variation.
b.
Between-group variation generally is greater than within-group variation.
c.
There is a direct correlation between eye color and intelligence.
d.
Lowlanders are more intelligent than highlanders.
e.
Children raised with the same father resemble him in IQ to the same degree.
 

 22. 
The country with the reputation for being the world’s ‘least imperfect society’ because of the country’s social ideals is:
a.
United States of America
b.
Canada
c.
South Africa
d.
China
e.
none of these choices
 

 23. 
The forces responsible for the considerable physical variation from one population to another include:
a.
the sexual attractiveness of potential partners
b.
genetic drift
c.
the promiscuity of males
d.
biological adaptation to differing climates
e.
genetic drift and biological adaptation to differing climates
 

 24. 
The______________ in humans permitted efficient storage of fat to draw on in times of food shortage, and conservation of glucose and nitrogen until 6,000 years ago.
a.
thrifty genotype
b.
non-thrifty genotype
c.
thrifty hormones
d.
conservative genotype
e.
liberal genotype
 

 25. 
Hormone disrupting chemicals like ___________ have recently been found partially responsible for disturbing trends like very early onset of puberty in human females and dramatic decline in human sperm counts.
a.
DES
b.
PVC
c.
DDT
d.
Flonase
e.
Dursban
 

Matching
 
 
Match the trait with its environmental determinant.
a.
high ultraviolet radiation
b.
cold climate
c.
northern latitude
d.
warm humid air
e.
cultural tradition of milk drinking
 

 1. 

 light skin
 

 2. 

 flat nose
 

 3. 

 large body build
 

 4. 

 retention of lactase
 

 5. 

 melanin
 
 
Match the term/concept.
a.
difference in frequency of genetic variants from other populations of the same species
b.
common in Asiatic populations
c.
permits efficient storage of fat to draw on in times of need
d.
caused by deficiency of Vitamin D
e.
can be viewed solely as a social problem
 

 6. 

 racism
 

 7. 

 epicanthic fold
 

 8. 

 biological race
 

 9. 

 rickets
 

 10. 

 thrifty gene
 



 
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