True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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Civilization was only introduced by the Spanish in the 16th century
in Mesoamerica and Peru.
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2.
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Michael Spence at the University of Western Ontario believes that
Teotihuacán had heavy-handed absolute control over the obsidian industry in the Valley of
Mexico.
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3.
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All civilizations are governed by centrally organized political systems.
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4.
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The independence of goods and services is what makes a wide range of products
available to people, such as fresh Prince Edward Island lobster in Vancouver.
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5.
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The Moche Kingdom flourished in Central Mexico.
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6.
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The extensive trading done among the Indians of northeastern America supports
the theory that trade was a decisive factor in the development of civilizations.
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7.
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Tikal was one of the largest Aztec cities, reaching a size of over 100,000
inhabitants.
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8.
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Augustine Mound, in New Brunswick contains evidence that points to the spread of
influences and possibly people from the Adena culture in Ohio.
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9.
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Civilization as we define it flourished in Pre-Contact Canada.
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10.
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The ‘Developed Northwest Coast Pattern’ as observed by
archaeologists in British Columbia indicates that complex societies did exist in Canada, even though
they don’t fit the label of civilization.
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Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The ‘Developed North West Coast’ pattern in Canada
________________.
a. | developed in the absence of agriculture. | b. | is recognized by its
villages of large planked houses. | c. | indicates hundreds of people lived together for
months at a time. | d. | does not have rigidly defined social classes
apart from slaves and non-slaves. | e. | all of these
choices. |
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2.
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The earliest civilizations occurred:
a. | with the development of industrial technology. | b. | in food foraging
communities during the Mesolithic. | c. | none of these choices | d. | in Neolithic
villages of no more than 400 people. | e. | in preindustrial cities with large
populations. |
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3.
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The research of Louise Paradis from the University of Montreal has focused on
_______________.
a. | learning about lapidary traditions and industry. | b. | documenting the
presence of Olmec styled artifacts in Mezcala. | c. | performing a regional study of the pre-Hispanic
population of the Mezcala region. | d. | understanding how the Mezcala region interacted
with the rest of Mesoamerica. | e. | all of these
choices. |
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4.
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The world's first civilization developed in about 5,000 years ago
in:.
a. | the Indus Valley | b. | Egypt | c. | Mesoamerica | d. | China | e. | Mesopotamia
(modern-day Iraq) |
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5.
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The Mayan city of Tikal may have played an important role as
a. | a university center for astronomers and mathematicians. | b. | the first industrial
center for the production of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. | c. | an important stop on
an overland trade route between two rivers. | d. | the capital of Peru. | e. | the place where
swords were manufactured to fight the Aztecs. |
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6.
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The Mayan city of Tikal was governed by
a. | a hereditary ruling dynasty. | b. | an egalitarian council of
women. | c. | elected senators. | d. | craft guilds. | e. | a council of elders
based on kinship. |
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7.
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The work of Canadian researchers such as David Pendergast, Elizabeth Graham and
Christine White have found that the change in emphasis on corn in the diet of the people at Lamanai
likely corresponds to ________________.
a. | a change in the environment. | b. | contact with Europeans. | c. | a shift in political
alliance. | d. | all of these choices. | e. | none of these
choices. |
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8.
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High crop yields can promote innovation because
a. | more food allows some people to specialize and become experts in nonagricultural
activities. | b. | more food frees people to become involved with trade for new
items. | c. | more protein is available so the brain works more efficiently. | d. | people may come to
believe that ideas grow just like plants grow. | e. | more food supports more people, some of whom
might be creative. |
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9.
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The Aztecs and Mayans did not experience the same kind of Bronze Age that
occurred in the Old World because
a. | they were peaceful, and did not need the bronze for weapons because they had
eliminated warfare. | b. | they did not have the raw materials to make
bronze. | c. | they used obsidian instead of metal. | d. | the civilizations of the Old World were more
creative than the civilizations of the New World. | e. | they were less
innovative. |
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10.
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Evidence that the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harrapa had centralized
governments
a. | comes from eyewitness accounts of the cities written by early
travelers. | b. | is revealed by the relocation of people from the Basin of Mexico. | c. | comes from
13th century Tang dynasty court records. | d. | appears in the layout of the cities, which
shows definite signs of city planning. | e. | is supported by their extensive use of stone
and metal construction in their pyramids. |
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11.
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By 5,100 years ago, in _______, a method of writing was developed that used
wedge-shaped marks to stand for words. Because most words in this language were monosyllabic, the
markings eventually came to stand for syllables.
a. | France | b. | Mesoamerica | c. | Mesopotamia | d. | China | e. | India |
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12.
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Christine White at the University of Western Ontario has demonstrated that the
first Maya settlers at Lamanai were dependent on ____________________ for food.
a. | waterfowl | b. | corn | c. | deer | d. | conch | e. | beans |
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13.
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The earliest governments had
a. | a king at the head, aided by special advisers. | b. | a court system
rather than public opinion. | c. | formally established laws rather than informal
custom. | d. | all of these choices | e. | none of these
choices |
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14.
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In what ways could a burial indicate to you that the society in which the dead
person once lived was socially stratified?
a. | Placement of the body in a fetal position. | b. | Utensils, figurines,
and personal possessions placed with the body. | c. | The grave being lined with the pollen of
flowers. | d. | Skeletal evidence indicating that the person was better nourished than bodies found
in other graves at the site. | e. | The head detached and placed at the foot of the
grave. |
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15.
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The findings and analysis of the excavations in the Jequetepeque Valley and the
Moche Priestess indicate the Sacrifice Ceremony
a. | had slaves who were used for ritual sacrifice, and then carefully prepared for
mummification. | b. | was part of a state religion, with a priesthood in each part of the
kingdom. | c. | was socially stratified and supported the emerging ideas of representative governance
that the Moche developed. | d. | had an egalitarian social organization in which
all persons in Moche society had an equal opportunity to participate. | e. | was ruled over by a
tyrant. |
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16.
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According to Karl Wittfogel, civilization emerged because of the need for
centralized authority to plan, build, and maintain
a. | irrigation systems. | b. | social classes. | c. | cemeteries. | d. | large monuments. | e. | marriage
systems. |
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17.
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The evidence refuting Wittfogel's hydraulic theory suggests that
a. | civilization could not exist without irrigation systems. | b. | the need to plan,
develop, and maintain complex irrigation systems resulted in the emergence of a centralized
authority. | c. | irrigation systems were directly responsible for the emergence of
civilization. | d. | complex irrigation systems probably resulted from rather than being a cause of
civilization. | e. | only small-scale, locally controlled irrigation systems give rise to
civilization. |
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18.
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European descriptions of other civilizations are problematic because
a. | they reflect the self-interests of the observers or their
sponsors. | b. | explorers and missionaries did not always understand what they saw and they reflect
the self-interests of the observers or their sponsors. | c. | written documents are never
reliable. | d. | explorers and missionaries did not always understand what they
saw. | e. | all of these choices |
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19.
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In arguing for trade as a decisive factor in the development of civilization,
some anthropologists hold that in regions of ecological diversity,
a. | diversification of labour and social equality are at their apex. | b. | large scale
irrigation projects are not feasible. | c. | there is a push for single-crop
agriculture. | d. | trade mechanisms are necessary to procure scarce resources. | e. | none of these
choices |
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20.
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According to Robert Carneiro, when a population is hemmed in by such things as
mountains, seas, or other human populations,
a. | an elite is likely to emerge that controls access to resources. | b. | this results in the
development of social stratification. | c. | its members must compete for scarce
resources. | d. | all of these choices | e. | it is prevented from
expanding. |
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21.
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Which of the following SUPPORTS the theory that beliefs and values are just as
important as ecological relationships in contributing to the emergence of civilization?
a. | The uncertainties of agriculture in Mesoamerica led to the establishment of Tikal as
a religious center in which priests tried to cope with these uncertainties. | b. | The strong artistic
abilities of the Mayans led to the early development of writing in the form of pictographs and
ideograms. | c. | all of these choices | d. | Located between two rivers, Tikal developed as
an important center in a system of trade. | e. | As Tikal switched from slash-and-burn to raised
fields and cultivated trees, it could support a larger, denser
population. |
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22.
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Where would diseases like influenza, tuberculosis, or the Ebola virus have their
best chance of spreading from host-to-host, and continue to reappear from time-to-time?
a. | a space colony in which everyone is separated by a disease-resistant
bubble-suit | b. | a logging camp in Canada composed of 100 workers who work outside all day and then
live in dispersed cabins | c. | a food foraging band of 25 to 40
people | d. | an urban environment | e. | a farming community of scattered
households |
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23.
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The_________ on the emergence of civilization recognizes the systemic nature of
society and the impact of the environment in shaping social and cultural behaviour, but recognizes
that forceful leaders in any society strive to advance their material or political positions through
self-serving actions.
a. | functional theory | b. | trade networks theory | c. | action
theory | d. | environmental and social circumscription theory | e. | hydraulic
theory |
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24.
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With respect to Tikal, which of these statements is INCORRECT?
a. | Tikal was a major trade centre. | b. | Tikal is located in the Jequetepeque
Valley. | c. | Tikal contains many palaces, tombs and houses. | d. | Tikal’s
‘epicentre’ is the Great Plaza. | e. | All of these choices are
correct. |
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25.
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In the Maya, it was the combination of cultural and ecological factors in
existence that opened the way for the emergence of ___________________.
a. | political dynasties | b. | a more democratic system | c. | a
bureaucracy | d. | an egalitarian system | e. | religious
hierarchies |
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Matching
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Match the person or site with its significance. a. | law code | b. | circumscription
theory | c. | hydraulic theory | d. | role of religion in rise of
civilization | e. | cuneiform writing |
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1.
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Wittfogel
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2.
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Hammurabi
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3.
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Sumer
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4.
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Tikal
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5.
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Carneiro
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Match the person or site with its significance. a. | importance of corn in the diet at
Lamanai | b. | examined obsidian trade in Teotihuacán | c. | full-time trade
centre | d. | Augustine mound in New Brunswick | e. | the power of centralized
government |
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6.
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Great Wall of China
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7.
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Chris Turnbull
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8.
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Tikal
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9.
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Christine White
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10.
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Michael Spence
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