True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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The first Neandertal was found before the publication of Darwin's Origin of
Species.
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2.
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Archaic H. sapiens in Africa, China, and Java that lived at the same time as the
Neandertals of Europe and the Middle East have the same midfacial projection and massive muscle
attachments of the Neandertals.
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3.
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Remains of Archaic Homo sapiens have been discovered in Canada.
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4.
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Neandertal’s average cranial capacity was the same or larger than of
modern humans.
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5.
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Anatomically modern humans developed the Aurignacian tradition.
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6.
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The Neandertal found in Europe and Western Asia support the idea that archaic
populations all over the world evolved into modern forms.
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7.
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Ariane Burke at the University of Manitoba has demonstrated that Neandertals
were more sophisticated in their pattern of land use and resource exploitation strategies than
previously suspected.
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8.
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Neandertal use of red ochre was much more extensive and predates Aurignacian
use.
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9.
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Canadian research has proven that Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens was not only
different physically, but much more advanced compared to Neandertals.
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10.
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Africans today have at least twice as much genetic variation as people from
other continents.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The joint Canadian-Ukraine research at Karabi Tamchin is important because
_________________.
a. | it has provided new information about Neandertal/anatomically modern Homo sapiens
interactions at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. | b. | Paleoanthropologists
don’t know very much about mid-altitude Neandertal occupations. | c. | it demonstrates that
Neandertals are more sophisticated in their pattern of land use than previously
suspected. | d. | all of these choices. | e. | none of these
choices. |
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2.
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Skulls from Ndutu have been found in Tanzania, Swanscombe (England), and
Steinheim (Germany), dating from between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago, and they are considered to
be
a. | modern H. habilis. | b. | primitive H. erectus. | c. | primitive A.
africanus. | d. | transitional between H. erectus and H. sapiens. | e. | transitional between
H. habilis and H. erectus. |
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3.
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Which technique of making tools involves the preparation of a striking platform
at one end of the core, after which three or four long, triangular flakes are detached, leaving a
nodule shaped like a tortoise shell?
a. | Acheulean | b. | microlith | c. | Oldowan | d. | Paleoindian | e. | Levalloisian |
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4.
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Ariane Burke has conducted research on __________________.
a. | Aurignacian settlements in France. | b. | Middle Paleolithic sites in
Crimea. | c. | Upper Paleolithic sites in Turkey. | d. | Rock art and graven objects in
Europe. | e. | all of these choices. |
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5.
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The increasing use of yellow and red pigments of iron oxide in _________ 130,000
years ago may have signalled a rise in ritual activity.
a. | Africa | b. | the Middle East | c. | Europe | d. | Southwest Asia | e. | Labrador and
Newfoundland |
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6.
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The remains of H. sapiens become much more common after ______ years ago.
a. | 500,000 | b. | 1 million | c. | 400,000 | d. | 200,000 | e. | 100,000 |
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7.
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The archaic H. sapiens that lived in Africa, China, and Java at the same time as
the Neandertal of Europe and the Middle East
a. | were a robust version of populations that developed later. | b. | had smaller brains
than modern humans. | c. | were less robust than modern
humans. | d. | were more muscular and robust than the Neandertal. | e. | looked like the
Neandertal. |
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8.
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Neandertal skulls ___________________.
a. | held modern sized brains. | b. | often show signs of heavy tooth
wear. | c. | had noses and teeth that project more than anatomically modern H.
sapiens. | d. | all of these choices. | e. | all of these choices except held modern sized
brains. |
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9.
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The typical tool-making tradition with which Neandertal is associated is
called
a. | Acheulean. | b. | "Lower
Paleolithic." | c. | Mousterian. | d. | Aurignacian. | e. | Oldowan. |
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10.
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A Canadian researcher who is interested in the interface between Neandertals and
anatomically modern Homo sapiens is __________________.
a. | Milford Wolpoff | b. | Stephen Jay Gould | c. | John
Relethford | d. | Biruté Galdikas | e. | Ariane Burke |
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11.
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The Mousterian tool tradition is found in Europe, Western Asia, and Africa
between __________years ago.
a. | 40,000 and 10,000 | b. | 300,000 and 200,000 | c. | 1 million and
500,000 | d. | 166,000 and 40,000 | e. | 4 million and 1.2
million |
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12.
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The Homo sapiens idaltu finds provide the first good evidence for
_________________.
a. | Aurignacian tool use. | b. | African near-modern humans being significantly
older than Neandertals. | c. | interbreeding between Neandertals and
anatomically modern H. sapiens. | d. | ritual behaviour with red
ochre. | e. | all of these choices. |
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13.
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The greater depth of deposits at Mousterian sites implies that Mousterian
peoples
a. | were messier. | b. | were less mobile. | c. | were
farmers. | d. | had no garbage collectors. | e. | spent very little time at any one
place. |
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14.
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Pollen analysis at the ____________ burial site indicate that some type of
funeral ceremony accompanied the burial.
a. | Loring Brace | b. | Shanidar Cave | c. | Kebara
Cave | d. | Sierra de Atapuerca | e. | La
Chapelle-Aux-Saints |
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15.
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By comparing the mitochondrial DNA of populations today, some scientists
conclude that H. sapiens are all descended from a common ancestor that lived _______ years
ago.
a. | 40,000 | b. | 10,000 | c. | 200,000 | d. | 500,000 | e. | 1
million |
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16.
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Which of the following supports the Eve Hypothesis?
a. | Fossil evidence indicates that older populations in various parts of the world
evolved directly into modern populations. | b. | none of these choices | c. | all of these
choices | d. | The rates of change in mitochondrial DNA may not be as regular and rapid as
claimed. | e. | DNA may be transferred between populations through viral
infections. |
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17.
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Evidence dating back ________ years ago indicate Neandertal society had
developed to the point of being able to care for physically disabled members of the group.
a. | 200,000 | b. | 100,000 | c. | 300,000 | d. | 10,000 | e. | 50,000 |
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18.
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__________ is the affixing of small stone bifaces and flakes in handles of wood
to make improved spears and knives.
a. | Grooving | b. | Hafting | c. | Glueing | d. | Wrapping | e. | Smelting |
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19.
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Analysis of Neandertal skeletons has indicated __________________.
a. | they could not raise their arms above their heads. | b. | their pelvis shape
meant that they had a hard time giving birth. | c. | they were not very active
people. | d. | they had a high degree of sexual dimorphism, females were very
gracile. | e. | none of these choices. |
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20.
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With the new and varied Mousterian tool kit, humans were able to do which of the
following?
a. | increase the availability of clothing | b. | increase the quality of
shelter | c. | intensify their utilization of food resources | d. | increase the quality
of clothing | e. | all of these choices |
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21.
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Neandertal hunting practices can be described as:
a. | deliberately planned and logistically organized | b. | deliberately
planned | c. | unstructured | d. | logistically organized | e. | opportunistic |
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22.
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Which of the following best describes how Neandertal society had developed the
ability to the point of being able to care for handicapped members of the group is evidenced by which
of the following?
a. | "oldsters" are well represented in the fossil record | b. | "oldsters"
are well represented in the fossil record; virtually every elderly Neandertal skeleton shows evidence
of trauma, with extensive healing of wounds; and virtually every elderly Neandertal skeleton shows
evidence of trauma, with little evidence of infection | c. | virtually every elderly Neandertal skeleton
shows evidence of trauma, with little evidence of infection | d. | virtually every
elderly Neandertal skeleton shows evidence of trauma, with significant signs of
infection | e. | virtually every elderly Neandertal skeleton shows evidence of trauma, with extensive
healing of wounds |
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23.
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The hypoglossal canal in Neandertals is similar to that of modern humans yet
unlike that of apes. This feature indicates an ability to _____________________.
a. | communicate through a series of grunts | b. | chew food thoroughly | c. | digest food
completely | d. | make the tongue movements necessary for articulate speech | e. | carry a
tune |
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24.
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Because Neandertals had modern sized brains and a tool kit comparable to that
being used in historic times by Australian aborigines, it must be supposed that
a. | Neandertals are the ancestors of Australian aborigines. | b. | they had some form
of spoken language. | c. | their level of symbolic thought was less than
that of archaic Homo sapiens | d. | they had developed a sophisticated sea-going
culture | e. | there were Neandertals in Australia and in the New World by about 120,000 years
ago. |
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25.
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In forensic archaeology what is recovered is evidence for which of the following
cases?
a. | cases involving human rights abuse | b. | legal proceedings involving cases of
murder | c. | only legal proceedings involving cases of murder and cases involving human rights
abuse | d. | used to reconstruct ancient human behaviour | e. | used to explain
human evolution |
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Matching
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Match the site to its significance. a. | site of a
Neandertal burial | b. | early discovery of an
arthritic old man | c. | gave its name to
Neandertal tool tradition | d. | "culturally
precocious" archaic population in South Africa | e. | site in Israel critical to discussion of multiregional vs. single origin hypotheses of
human evolution |
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1.
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Le Moustier
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2.
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Klasies River
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3.
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La Chapelle aux Saints
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4.
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Shanidar Cave
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5.
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Qafzeh
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Match the stone tool technique to the definition. a. | Rooted in older Acheulean tradition | b. | Newer stone, bone, and antler toolkit used in
Europe and western Asia at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. | c. | Found at Klasies
river mouth well before they commonly appear in the European Upper Paleolithic. | d. | Teardrop shaped
handaxe used by Homo erectus. | e. | Used by transitional Homo erectus/Homo sapiens
forms |
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6.
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Blade
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7.
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Levalloisian
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8.
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Acheulean
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9.
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Mousterian
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10.
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Aurignacian
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