Name: 
 

Chapter 8: Homo erectus and the Emergence of Hunting and Gathering


True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Pithecanthropus erectus is the same as Homo erectus.
 

 2. 
Cooking food may eventually result in reduction in the size of the teeth and jaws.
 

 3. 
A joint project between Canada and China discovered Acheulean-like stone tools in parts of China dating to 800000 years ago.
 

 4. 
H. erectus used fewer and less efficient types of tools than H. habilis.
 

 5. 
During the Japanese invasion of China, the fossils from Zhoukoudian were lost.
 

 6. 
A Canadian discovered the first evidence for Homo erectus in China.
 

 7. 
H. erectus remains are found in Africa and Asia, but it appears she had not migrated as far west as Europe.
 

 8. 
Davidson Black’s career was tragically curtailed when he was killed in a car accident.
 

 9. 
A Canadian showed the fossil remains of ‘Chinese Man’ were from a completely different species than the remains discovered by Eugene Dubois.
 

 10. 
Researchers have suggested that Asian populations may have made tools out of bamboo.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
It was a Canadian paleontologist who convinced Davidson Black to look for human ancestors in ______________.
a.
Java
b.
China
c.
Germany
d.
England
e.
Africa
 

 2. 
Which of the following statements about Homo erectus is not correct?
a.
The first discoverer of H. erectus gave it a name that implied that it was part ape and part man, but that it walked in an erect fashion.
b.
What we call H. erectus today was first found in Java: a flat skullcap with enormous brow ridges and a brain size that looked smaller than the average size for H. sapiens, and a femur that indicated bipedalism.
c.
Eugene Dubois named the fossils he found Homo erectus.
d.
none of these choices (all are correct)
e.
The first evidence for H. erectus indicated that the capacity for bipedalism was fully developed but the brain had not yet reached a size comparable to that of the average-size modern brain.
 

 3. 
Davidson Black’s research was so important because ___________________.
a.
he got to name a new species after himself.
b.
he helped prove Piltdown Man was a hoax.
c.
he found stone tools in association with H. erectus remains.
d.
he managed to prove Eugene Dubois’s claims about the existence of a new type of early human.
e.
all of these choices.
 

 4. 
Where are H. erectus fossils not found?
a.
China
b.
Africa
c.
Java
d.
the New World
e.
Europe
 

 5. 
The fossil remains of H. erectus from China
a.
have smaller teeth and shorter jaws than the remains from Java.
b.
have smaller cranial capacities than the remains from Java.
c.
show signs of knuckle-walking, as do the Java finds.
d.
are more primitive looking.
e.
are older than the remains from Java.
 

 6. 
Several of the more important H. erectus skeletons
a.
come from China.
b.
come from Africa.
c.
both come from Africa and are about 1.6 million years old.
d.
both come from China and are about 1.6 million years old.
e.
are about 1.6 million years old.
 

 7. 
One of the oldest and most complete H. erectus skeletons.
a.
Zinjanthropus Man
b.
Piltdown Man
c.
Strapping Youth from Lake Turkana
d.
Postmodern Man
e.
Java Man
 

 8. 
Which of the following statements about comparisons of early Homo, H. erectus, and H. sapiens is not correct?
a.
The teeth and jaws of H. erectus are large in comparison with those of H. sapiens but smaller than those of early Homo.
b.
Compared to H. habilis, H. erectus had less sexual dimorphism.
c.
The hips of H. erectus were narrower than the hips of H. sapiens.
d.
The brain of H. erectus was larger than that of early Homo, but smaller than that of H. sapiens.
e.
The average brain size of H. erectus is about that of H. sapiens, but the capacity for bipedal locomotion is still undeveloped, like early Homo.
 

 9. 
Tools found in China on a joint China-Canada project in 2004 indicate _________________.
a.
that the Acheulean style had some variations but overall was very consistent.
b.
H. erectus controlled flaking techniques.
c.
three different percussive techniques were used to make the tools.
d.
they are older by about 300000 years than similar tools found in Europe.
e.
all of these choices.
 

 10. 
The _______ tool tradition of H. erectus is known from finds in Africa, Europe, and Southwest Asia.
a.
Paleolithic
b.
percussion
c.
Oldowan
d.
baton
e.
Acheulean
 

 11. 
Which of the following statements about the Acheulean tool tradition is INCORRECT?
a.
The earliest Acheulean tools are found in Europe about 1.4 million years ago.
b.
The Acheulean tool tradition includes cleavers and flake tools.
c.
In East Africa it apparently evolved from the Oldowan tool tradition.
d.
The characteristic tool of the Acheulean tradition is the hand axe.
e.
Acheulean traditions did not replace Oldowan traditions in East Asia for most of the Paleolithic.
 

 12. 
Evidence of the improved technological efficiency of the Acheulean tool tradition is indicated by
a.
a greater range of tool types being developed for specific purposes.
b.
a wider range of raw materials being used.
c.
more techniques being developed to create straighter, sharper cutting edges.
d.
none of these choices
e.
all of these choices
 

 13. 
Compelling evidence for the systematic use of fire by H. erectus comes from
a.
burned layers in the Chinese cave of Zhoukoudian.
b.
both the presence of fire-cracked basalt cobbles, not native to the region, at the site of Kao Poh Nam in Thailand and the presence of bones that show signs of butchering and burning at Kao Poh Nam.
c.
the presence of bones that show signs of butchering and burning at Kao Poh Nam.
d.
the presence of circular hearths in the cave of Bilzingsleben.
e.
the presence of fire-cracked basalt cobbles, not native to the region, at the site of Kao Poh Nam in Thailand.
 

 14. 
H. erectus shelters have been found
a.
at Kao Poh Nam.
b.
at Ambrona and Torralba.
c.
at Monte Verde.
d.
at Swartkraans.
e.
at Bilzingsleben, Germany.
 

 15. 
How was the physical structure of H. erectus altered by the use of fire?
a.
none of these choices
b.
It increased the growth of hair on the faces of males to protect them from the fire as they sat working on tools at night.
c.
all of these choices
d.
It altered the forces of natural selection that favoured individuals with large teeth and heavy jaws, thus leading to reduced tooth size.
e.
It made the arm muscles smaller because fire made other methods of hunting possible besides throwing spears.
 

 16. 
A paper on the Zhoukoudian discovery Sinanthropus was published by Davidson Black in which year?
a.
1891
b.
1934
c.
1927
d.
1956
e.
1902
 

 17. 
Sinanthropus means _______________.
a.
Southern Man
b.
Signing Ape Man
c.
Chinese Ape Man
d.
Erect Ape Man
e.
Chinese Man
 

 18. 
An elephant bone with a series of regularly carved lines, indications of the use of red ochre, and an engraved ox rib from France may indicate that
a.
H. erectus could live in climates below 50 degrees F.
b.
H. erectus might have been capable of symbolic thought.
c.
H. habilis moved out of Africa into the cooler regions of Europe and China about 500,000 years ago.
d.
australopithecines were capable of symbolic thought.
e.
H. erectus had clothing.
 

 19. 
The best evidence indicates that hominines, and later the genus Homo, originated in ________.
a.
South America
b.
Europe
c.
Asia
d.
Australia
e.
Africa
 

 20. 
According to the author of the Original Study, the distribution of naturally occurring __________ coincides almost directly with the distribution of chopper-chopping tools.
a.
H. sapiens
b.
bamboo
c.
horses
d.
H. ergaster
e.
camels
 

 21. 
While ten of thousands of stone tools have been found with H. erectus remains at ___________, stone implements are not at all common in Southeast Asia.
a.
Kehe
b.
Shan Yunnan Masif
c.
Chiang Kai Shek
d.
Zhoukoudian
e.
Chonggok Ni
 

 22. 
The ____________ method of tool production involved bone or antler to remove flakes.
a.
antler
b.
hammerstone
c.
percussion
d.
baton
e.
deboning
 

 23. 
Hunting methods of_________________ years ago were discovered accidentally in 1995 in the course of strip mining at Schöningen in northern Germany.
a.
200,000
b.
850,000
c.
10,000
d.
400,000
e.
1 million
 

 24. 
How does the skeleton of H. erectus differ from that of modern humans?
a.
its hips were narrower
b.
none of these choices
c.
it is more heavily muscled.
d.
all of these choices
e.
its rib cage was conical.
 

 25. 
The first evidence for the construction of shelters is suggested by 3 circular foundations of bone and stone 9 to 13 feet across at a 350,000 year old site in ________________.
a.
Fort Ternan, Kenya
b.
Zhoukoudian, China
c.
Laetoli, Tanzania
d.
Bilzingsleben, Germany
e.
Hadar, Ethiopia
 

Matching
 
 
Match the site with its significance.
a.
evidence of cooperative hunting
b.
first discovery of H. erectus
c.
"Chinese Man"
d.
evidence that the Acheulean tool tradition grew out of the Oldowan
e.
evidence of H. erectus shelters
 

 1. 

 ________ Olduvai Gorge
 

 2. 

 Zhoukoudian
 

 3. 

 Torralba-Ambrona
 

 4. 

 Java
 

 5. 

 Bilzingsleben
 
 
Match the discoverer or place to the fossil specimen or site.
a.
Chinese specimen of H. erectus
b.
Sangiran specimen of H. erectus
c.
wooden spears used for hunting
d.
Trinil specimen of H. erectus
e.
symbolic images and thought demonstrated by cave art in India
 

 6. 

 Eugene Dubois
 

 7. 

 Davidson Black
 

 8. 

 Schöningen
 

 9. 

 Alexander Marshack
 

 10. 

 G.H.R. von Königswald
 



 
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